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Cityscape: Volume 25 Number 1 | Housing Technology Projects | A Cost-Benefit Analysis of FORTIFIED Home Designation in Oklahoma

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The goal of Cityscape is to bring high-quality original research on housing and community development issues to scholars, government officials, and practitioners. Cityscape is open to all relevant disciplines, including architecture, consumer research, demography, economics, engineering, ethnography, finance, geography, law, planning, political science, public policy, regional science, sociology, statistics, and urban studies.

Cityscape is published three times a year by the Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.



Housing Technology Projects

Volume 25 Number 1

Mark D. Shroder

Michelle P. Matuga

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of FORTIFIEDTM Home Designation in Oklahoma

Somik Ghosh
Ben F. Bigelow
Alexander Smith
Olayinka Omole
University of Oklahoma


Natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms with high winds and hail occur worldwide. These disasters bring a proportional amount of strife in the forms of injury, property damage, and loss of life. Homeowners can take measures to protect their properties and interests, but at an additional cost, one of which comes from the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS). It is FORTIFIEDTM home designation, which is a collection of construction requirements regarding certification and designation. This study sought to identify the cost associated with meeting FORTIFIED home standards, then investigate its return on investment. Depending on a homeowner’s financial approach, some levels of FORTIFIED home designation have a return on investment even if a natural disaster does not occur; however, it is not universal.


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