PPAIRED TESTING: In paired testing, two individuals ― one white and one minority ― pose as prospective renters or homebuyers and inquire about the availability and terms of a property advertised for rent or sale, and in some cases, for home mortgage loans. Because the two members of a tester team present themselves as equally qualified [renters, borrowers, or purchasers] in every respect except their race or ethnicity, systematic differences in the treatment they receive provide direct evidence of adverse treatment discrimination. Paired testing can reveal statistically significant patterns of unequal treatment. PARTNERSHIP FOR ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY IN HOUSING (PATH): HUD’s Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing is dedicated to accelerating the development and use of technologies that radically improve the quality, durability, energy efficiency, environmental performance, and affordability of America's housing. PATH is a voluntary partnership between leaders of the homebuilding, product manufacturing, insurance, and financial industries, and representatives of federal agencies concerned with housing. Working together, PATH partners improve new and existing homes and strengthen the technology infrastructure of the United States. PD&R coordinates all PATH activities. PATH: See PARTNERSHIP FOR ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY IN HOUSING. PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES: coordinat[ion of] federal housing, transportation, water, and other infrastructure investments and activities by HUD, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in pursuit of six livability principles [that]: provide more transportation choices; promote equitable, affordable housing; enhance economic competitiveness; support existing communities; coordinate and leverage federal policies and investment; and value communities and neighborhoods. PD&R: See OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH. PERCENTILE RENT ESTIMATES (50th): Calculated for all FMR areas. These are not fair market rents. Under certain conditions, as set forth in the Interim Rule (Federal Register Vol. 65, No. 191, Monday October 2, 2000, pages 58870—58875), these 50th percentile rents can be used to set success rate payment standards. PMSA: See PRIMARY METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA. POINT-IN-TIME (PIT) COUNTS: [U]nduplicated 1-night estimates of both sheltered and unsheltered homeless populations. The 1-night counts are conducted by Continuums of Care nationwide and occur during the last week in January of each year. POOR: Household income of less than the U.S. national poverty cutoff for that household size. POOR QUALITY INDEX (PQI): measures the level of physical deficiencies in American Housing Survey (AHS) sample housing units. POPULATION: [T]he total resident population based on data compiled and published by the United States Bureau of the Census available from the latest census or which has been upgraded by the Bureau to reflect the changes resulting from the Boundary and Annexation Survey, new incorporations and consolidations of governments pursuant to §570.4, and which reflects, where applicable, changes resulting from the Bureau's latest population determination through its estimating technique using natural changes (birth and death) and net migration, and is referable to the same point or period in time. PRIMARY METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA (PMSA): An area that qualifies as a metropolitan statistical area has a census population of 1 million or more; two or more PMSAs may be designated within it if they meet published official standards and local opinion favors the designation. PROHIBITED BASES: Civil rights statutes establish the demographic categories by which discrimination is prohibited. Under the Fair Housing Act, the prohibited bases are race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability. PROTECTED CLASSES: Demographic categories of persons established by civil rights statutes against whom discrimination is prohibited. (See also Prohibited Bases.) PROJECT-BASED HOUSING ASSISTANCE: In project-based assistance [as opposed to tenant-based housing assistance], the HUD [rental] subsidy is tied to the unit. PROJECT-BASED VOUCHERS (PBVS): are a component of a public housing agency’s (PHA) housing choice voucher program. A PHA can attach up to 20 percent of its voucher assistance to specific housing units if the owner agrees to either rehabilitate or construct the units, or the owner agrees to set-aside a portion of the units in an existing development. PUBLIC HOUSING: Housing assisted under the provisions of the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 or under a state or local program having the same general purposes as the federal program. Distinguished from privately financed housing, regardless of whether federal subsidies or mortgage insurance are features of such housing development. PUBLIC HOUSING AGENCY (PHA): Any state, county, municipality, or other governmental entity or public body, or agency or instrumentality of these entities that is authorized to engage or assist in the development or operation of low-income housing under the U.S. Housing Act of 1937. PUBLIC HOUSING MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM (PHMAP): implements section 502(a) of the National Affordable Housing Act of 1990 (NAHA) and evaluates the performance of public housing agencies (PHAs) in major areas of management operations. PUBLIC USE AREAS: interior or exterior rooms or spaces of a building that are made available to the general public. Public use may be provided at a building that is privately or publicly owned. PUBLIC USE MICRODATA SAMPLE (PUMS): Statistical samples of tenant-level data… [from] HUD's largest rental assistance programs: the Housing Choice Voucher Program, Public Housing, Project-based Section 8, and the Section 202/811 Programs. PUBLIC USE MICRODATA SAMPLE (PUMS): Statistical samples of tenant-level data… [from] HUD's largest rental assistance programs: the Housing Choice Voucher Program, Public Housing, Project-based Section 8, and the Section 202/811 Programs.
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