Additional Resources

• “What is New in the Digital Divide? Understanding Internet Use by Teenagers from Different Social Backgrounds” (2016), by Marina Micheli examines differences in teenagers’ Internet use according to parents’ socioeconomic status and cultural capital. www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/S2050-206020150000010003.
  
• “Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs” (2013), by Lennard G. Kruger and Angele A. Gilroy, reviews federal initiatives aimed at expanding broadband access. www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30719.pdf.
  
• The Pew Research Center’s “Internet, Science & Tech” website contains publications, datasets, and other resources on Internet use and the digital divide, including those on digital readiness and the homework gap. www.pewinternet.org/.
  
• “Digital Human Capital: Developing a Framework for Understanding the Economic Impact of Digital Exclusion in Low-Income Communities” (2013), by Amy Bach, Gwen Shaffer, and Todd Wolfson, calls for digital inclusion programs to go beyond connectivity and foster civic engagement and social change. www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.5325/jinfopoli.3.2013.0247.pdf.
  
• “Opportunity for all? Technology and learning in lower-income families” (2016), by by Victoria Rideout and Vikki S. Katz, presents findings from a survey of lower-income parents with school-aged children regarding Internet connectivity, usage, and benefits. www.joanganzcooneycenter.org/ wp-content/uploads/2016/01/jgcc_opportunityforall.pdf..
  
• “The Digital Divide and Patient Portals: Internet Access Explained Differences in Patient Portal Use for Secure Messaging by Age, Race, and Income” (2016), by Graetz et al., examines the association between patients’ use of online healthcare messaging portals and computer and Internet access. journals.lww.com/lww-medicalcare/toc/2016/08000.
  
• “Trail-Blazing Digital Inclusion Communities” (2013), by Angela Siefer, describes the evolution of innovative digital inclusion programs in five cities across the nation. www.webjunction.org/news/webjunction/trailblazing_digital_inclusion_communities.html.
  
• “Closing the Digital Divide: Promoting Broadband Adoption Among Underserved Populations” (2012), by Bates et al., examines barriers to broadband adoption and highlights efforts at the federal, state, and local levels to expand broadband adoption. www.nlc.org/Documents/Find%20
  City%20Solutions/Research%20Innovation/Infrastructure/Closing_Digital_Divide_Promoting_Broadband_Adoption_Underserved_Populations.pdf.
  

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• “Employment and disconnection among teens and young adults: The role of place, race, and education” (2016), by Martha Ross and Nicole Prchal Svajlenka, offers data and analysis examining youth employment and unemployment rates, with a focus on youth who are disconnected from employment and education. www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2016/05/24-teen-young-adult-employment-recession-ross-svajlenka#V0G0.
  
• “Vulnerable Youth: Employment and Job Training Programs” (2015), by Adrienne L. Fernandes-Alcantara, reviews federal youth employment initiatives, including some aimed specifically at youth offenders. www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40929.pdf.
  
• “Engaging Communities as Partners: Strategies for Problem Solving” (2014), of the Beyond Confrontation: Community-Centered Policing Tools series by PolicyLink, outlines steps for successful community-police collaboration as a basis for effective community-centered policing approaches. www.policylink.org/sites/default/files/pl_police_commun%20engage_121714_c.pdf.
  
• “Building Our Way Out of Crime: The Providence, Rhode Island, Case Study” (2009), by Bill Geller and Lisa Belsky, explores community developer-police collaboration in the Olneyville neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. The study describes several positive public safety outcomes resulting from a sustained and concerted collaborative effort to use community development to ameliorate crime hot spots. www.olneyville.org/Geller-Belsky-case-study.pdf.
  
• “It Takes a Village: Diversion Resources for Police and Families” (2016), by Karen Tamis and Cymone Fuller, examines alternatives to arrest and incarceration responses to low-level problem behaviors such as skipping school or violating curfew and highlights several local examples. www.vera.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/it-takes-a-village-report.pdf.
  
• The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), by Michelle Alexander, investigates the racial disparities in incarceration and criminal justice and their consequences. newjimcrow.com/.
  
• “Halve the Gap by 2030: Youth Disconnection in America’s Cities” (2013), by Kristen Lewis and Sarah Burd-Sharps, provides data on youth disconnection and advances recommendations for reconnecting youth, preventing disconnection, and setting measurable targets for reducing disconnection. ssrc-static.s3.amazonaws.com/moa/MOA-Halve-the-Gap-ALL-10.25.13.pdf.
  
• “Exploring the Ways Arts and Culture Intersect with Public Safety” (2016), by Caroline Ross, highlights multiple pathways through which the arts influence public safety, including the incorporation of arts in public placemaking and arts programs for at-risk youth. www.artplaceamerica.org/sites/default/files/public/pictures/artplace_field_scan_safety_ross_apr_2016.pdf.
  
• “The High Budgetary Cost of Incarceration” (2010), by John Schmitt, Kris Warner, and Sarika Gupta, highlights the rising rates of incarceration in the United States and examines the causes and costs of incarceration. www.cepr.net/documents/publications/incarceration-2010-06.pdf.
  

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• The Urban Institute’s Housing Finance Policy Center offers "Housing Finance At A Glance," a monthly chartbook of relevant housing finance statistics, a Housing Credit Availability Index, and ongoing analysis of housing finance issues. www.urban.org/policy-centers/housing-finance-policy-center.
  
• The American Mortgage System: Crisis and Reform (2011), edited by Susan M. Wachter and Marvin M. Smith, contains a series of essays addressing the causes and implica­tions of the housing crisis as well as recommendations for reforming the mortgage system and its core institu­tions. www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14884.html.
  
• "An Overview of the Housing Finance System in the United States" (2013), by Sean M. Hoskins, Katie Jones, and N. Eric Weiss, introduces readers to the workings of the primary and secondary mortgage markets. www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42995.pdf.
  
• "The Uneven Housing Recovery" (2015), by Michela Zonta and Sarah Edelman, examines the geographically uneven na­ture of the housing recovery, focusing on areas of the country with high concen­trations of underwater mortgages. cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/30051742/UnevenHousingRecovery-reportB.pdf.
  
• Preventing the Next Mortgage Crisis: The Meltdown, the Federal Response, and the Future of Housing in America (2015), by Dan Immergluck, examines evidence on the causes of the mortgage crisis, reviews policy responses, and considers reforms and their neighborhood-level impacts. rowman.com/ISBN/9781442253131/Preventing-the-Next-Mortgage-Crisis-The-Melt­down-the-Federal-Response-and-the-Future-of-Housing-in-America#.
  
• "Globalization of Finance and the Future of Home Mortgage Finance" (2015), by Kathe Newman, discusses how changes in the modern banking system since the middle of the 20th century have created new problems for mortgage credit supply. www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10511482.2015.1042209.
  
• Homeownership Built to Last: Bal­ancing Access, Affordability, and Risk After the Housing Crisis (2014), edited by Eric S. Belsky, Christopher E. Herbert, and Jennifer H. Molin­sky, addresses the central tension of post-crisis housing finance: the twin policy goals of expanding credit access and limiting risk to taxpayers, financial institutions, and homeown­ers. www.brookings.edu/research/books/2014/homeownership-built-to-last.
  
• "Data point: Medical debt and credit scores" (2014), by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, examines the implications of medical collections on credit access and debt payment. files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201405_cfpb_report_data-point_medical-debt-credit-scores.pdf.
  
• "A Profile of Housing and Health Among Older Americans" (2013), by Gary V. Engelhardt, Michael D. Eriksen, and Nadia Greenhalgh-Stanley, provides a demographic and financial profile of near-old (aged 55 through 64) and older homeowners. howhousingmatters.org/wp-con­tent/uploads/2014/09/A-Profile-of-Housing-and-Health-Among-Older-Americans.pdf.
  
• "Challenges and Changes in Community-Based Lending for Homeownership" (2011), by Abigail Pound, discusses strategies used by community-based organizations, such as certified community development financial institutions, community development corporations, and nonprofit homeownership centers, to expand mortgage lending to low- and moderate-income households. www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/jchs.harvard.edu/files/w11-2_pound.pdf.
  

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• "A State Policy Framework for Integrating Health and Social Services" (2014), by Tricia McGinnis, Maia Crawford, and Stephen A. Somers, offers a five-step policy framework that states can use to establish infrastructure for integrating health and social services, especially as they relate to Medicaid beneficiaries. www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2014/jul/state-policy-framework-health-social-services.
  
• "The Connection between Health and Housing: The Evidence and Policy Landscape" (2015), by Beeta Rasouli and Joshua Okrent, reviews specific federal, state, and local housing initiatives aimed at improving the health of children and families and examines their cost implications. allhealth.org/publications/Disparities_in_health_care/Health-and-Housing-Toolkit_168.pdf.
  
• "Leveraging the Social Determinants of Health: What Works?" (2015), by Lauren A. Taylor, Caitlin E. Coyle, Chima Ndumele, Erika Rogan, Maureen Canavan, Leslie Curry, and Elizabeth H. Bradley, evaluates and summarizes the evidence underlying interventions that address social determinants of health and focuses on innovative models in Massachusetts that improve health and reduce costs. bluecrossfoundation.org/sites/default/files/download/publication/Social_Equity_Report_Final.pdf.
  
• "Reconnecting Health and Housing: Philanthropy’s New Opportunity" (2015), by David D. Fukuzawa and Fred Karnas, explores how philanthropy can play a vital role in connecting the housing and health sectors by building an evidence basis, fostering discourse and policy change, and promoting innovation. online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/env.2015.0006.
  
• "Housing and Health: New Opportunities for Dialogue and Action" (2014), by Jeffrey Lubell, Rebecca Morley, Marice Ashe, Linda Merola, and Jeff Levi, documents various ways in which housing affects health and outlines steps that the public health and housing policy communities can take to strengthen collaboration and promote mutual goals. changelabsolutions.org/sites/default/files/Health%20%20Housing%20New%20Opportunities_final.pdf.
  
• "Housing and Health Care: A Toolkit for Building Partnerships" (2014), by Leading Age, provides a variety of practical resources related to housing and health care partnerships, including guides on how to identify partners and structure relationships, insights from healthcare practitioners, and a return-on-investment calculator. leadingage.org/housinghealth/.
  
• The Power of Impact Investing: Putting Markets to Work for Profit and Global Good (2014), by Judith Rodin and Margot Brandenburg, explores the evolving role of impact investing and its relationship with traditional philanthropic strategies and investment tools. wdp.wharton.upenn.edu/book/the-power-of-impact-investing/?utm_ source=rfblogpost&utm_medium= web&utm_campaign=impactinvesting.
  
• The "Dimensions of Quality" toolkit, by the Corporation for Supportive Housing, provides resources on implementing permanent supportive housing programs for housing developers, government officials, tenants, and healthcare organizations. www.csh.org/quality.
  
• "America’s Growing Senior Population: Assessing the Dimensions of the Demographic Challenge" (2015), by the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Health and Housing Task Force, describes the looming demographic challenges and potential opportunities related to America’s growing senior population. bipartisanpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/BPC-Housing-Health-Senior-Population.pdf.
  
• "Medicaid and Permanent Supportive Housing for Chronically Homeless Individuals: Emerging Practices From the Field" (2014), from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, explains how federal government resources have expanded permanent supportive housing and innovations in healthcare that will affect Medicaid and housing programs. aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/77116/EmergPrac.pdf.
  
• "The Payoff of Pay-for-Success" (2015), by V. Kasturi Rangan and Lisa A. Chase, argues that adapting pay-for-success contracts outside a narrow band of social policy will be difficult and that philanthropies, not private investors, will remain the major source of funding. ssir.org/up_for_debate/article/the_payoff_of_pay_for_success.
  
• "Hospitals as Hubs to Create Healthy Communities: Lessons from Washington Adventist Hospital" (2015), by Stuart M. Butler, Jonathan Grabinsky, and Domitilla Masi, examines the potential of hospitals to serve as an "upstream" factor positively affecting health care. www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2015/09/28-hospitals-as-hubs-to-create-health-communities-butler-grabinsky-masi.
  

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